National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level I (NCAC I) Practice Exam

What neurotransmitters do antidepressants primarily affect?

1. GABA and serotonin

2. Dopamine and epinephrine

3. Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine

4. Serotonin and cortisol

The correct answer is: Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine

The primary function of many antidepressants is to modulate the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain to help alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The correct answer highlights serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters that antidepressants predominantly influence. Serotonin is particularly significant because many commonly prescribed antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), work by increasing serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft, thereby improving mood and emotional regulation. Norepinephrine is involved in mood and emotional responses, and certain antidepressants, especially norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) stimulate both norepinephrine and dopamine pathways. Dopamine plays a critical role in the brain’s reward and pleasure centers and is also targeted by specific antidepressant medications, contributing to enhanced motivation and energy levels. Understanding this triad of neurotransmitters—serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine—illuminates the comprehensive approach antidepressants take in correcting chemical imbalances associated with mood disorders. This makes the correct answer multifaceted in its ability to address various aspects of mental health issues.