National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level I (NCAC I) Practice Exam

What neurotransmitters are released during cocaine use?

1. Dopamine and serotonin only

2. Only acetylcholine

3. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

4. Norepinephrine and endorphins

The correct answer is: Epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

Cocaine primarily functions as a stimulant that impacts several neurotransmitter systems in the brain. The correct answer reflects the complexity of cocaine's effects on neurotransmission. Cocaine primarily increases levels of dopamine, which is associated with the brain's reward and pleasure centers. This increase results in the euphoric high often reported by users. In addition to dopamine, cocaine also affects norepinephrine, which is linked to alertness and arousal, and serotonin, which plays a role in mood regulation. The simultaneous elevation of these neurotransmitters contributes to the intense psychological effects of cocaine, such as increased energy and euphoria, as well as the potential for negative side effects like anxiety and agitation. The inclusion of epinephrine in the response indicates that cocaine can activate the body's stress response, leading to heightened heart rate and blood pressure, which are common physical reactions during cocaine use. This multifaceted impact on neurotransmitters underscores the complexity of cocaine's effects on the brain and body, providing a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms of action.